Arandi jise angrezi me Castor kaha jaata hai Kharif ki ek bahut mahatpurn fasal hai. Iski Kheti Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh aur Rajasthan ke Shusk bhago me ki jaati hai. Iss Blo me hum aapko Arandi (Castor) Ki Kheti Karne Ka Aasaan aur Sahi Tarika batayenge.
Arandi (Castor) Ki Kheti Karne Ka Aasaan aur Sahi Tarika neeche vistaar se bataya gaya hai
Arandi ki kheti lagbhag 1.48 Lakh hectare chetr me ki jaati hai. Jisse lagbhag 2.10 Lakh Ton tak ka utpadan hota hai. Iski Ausat upaj 14.17 quintal prati hectare hai. Iske beez (Seed) me 45 se 55 percent tel (Oil) aur 12 se 16 percent protein paaya jaata hai. Iske tel me 93 percent Risnolik naamak vasa amal paya jaata hai,jiske karan iska audhyogic mahatwa bahut hai.
Iska Tel jadatar Cream, hair oil, beauty products, sabun, carbon paper, printing ink, mom (Candle), ke nirman me prayog kiya jaata hai. Janwaro ke ilaaz me ise kabz duur karne se lekar anye bahut si cheezo me kiya jaata hai.
Arandi Ki Achchi Aur Unnat Kisme
Arandi ki fasal se adhik upaj paane ke liye unnat kismo ka prayog kiya jaana chahiye. Kyuki Desi kismo ki tulna me unnat kismo ki upaj adhik hoti hai aur bimari ya rog ka khatra bhi kam rehta hai. Arandi ki Mukhye unnat kisme Aruna, Varuna, G.C.H-4, G.C.H-5, G.C.H-7 aur R.C.H.C-1 hai.
Arandi ke liye Bhumi ka chayan aur uski tayyari
Arandi ki kheti lagbhag sabhi prakar ki bhumi me ki jaa sakti hai. Balui domat bhumi jaha paani na ruke, jo gehri ho aur jisme paani sokhne ki shakti ho, Arandi ke jado ke vikaas me sehyogi hoti hai. Arandi ke jado ko jameen ke kafi andar lagaya jaana chahiye. Iske khet ko tayyar karne se pehle ek gehri khudai mitti ko palatne waale hal se karni chahiye. Zameen achche se gehrai tak khud jaye tabhi iski kheti us bhumi pe karni chahiye.
Arandi Ke Beez (Seed) bone ka Sahi Tarika
Arandi ke beez ko jadatar June or July mahine me boya jaata hai. Fasal ko boone ke pankti se pankti ki duuri 90 cm aur padhe se paudhe ki duri 45 cm tak rakhi jaani chahiye. Iske liye 12 – 15 Kilogram Prati Hectare ke hisaab se beez ki zarurat padti hai. Iss vidhi se fasal ki katai kam samay me ki jaa sakti hai. Beez ko hal ke peeche ya Seed-Drill se bhi boya jaa sakta hai. Par dhayan rahe ke beez 7-8 cm ki gehrai se jaada nahi boye jaaye warna paidawaar par buda asar padta hai. Bimariyo se bachne ke liye beezo ko 3 gram thairam prati kilogram beez ki dar se upcharit kar bona chahiye.
Arandi me Khaad aur Urwak daalne ka Sahi Tarika
Waise toa Arandi ki fasal me koi khaad nahi diya jaata hai. Par ye dekha gaya hai ke agar achche se khaad diya jaye toa achchi fasal aati hai. Iski achchi upaj ke liye 4- – 60 Kilogram Nitrogen aur 30 – 40 Kilogram Phosphorous prati Hectare me daala jaata hai. Sichit dashao me Nitrozen ki aadhi tatha Phosphorous ki puri matrao ko buwai ke pehle hi mila dena chahiye. Nitrogen ki shesh aadhi matra do mahine baad Sichai ke samay dena chahiye. Un jagaho par jaha fasal asinchit dashao me ugai ja rahi hai tatha sichai ki sahi tarike se upaye na ho waha Nitrogen ki puri matra buwai se pehle hi mila deni chahiye.
Arandi Ki Kheti Ki Sichai aur Jal Nikas
Kharif me ugai jaane waali fasal me sichai ki sankhaya barish par nirbhar karti hai. Achchi fasal ke liye 6- 7- cm tak salana barish jiska vitran theek ho, upyukt hota hai. Yadi Barish samay pe na ho toa 3 se 4 sichaiyo ki zarurat padti hai. Fasal par phool aate samay Sichai bahut labhdayak hoti hai.
Arandi Ki Kheti ka dekhbhal
Arandi kharif ki fasal hai. Isiliye samanye roop se isme kafi matra me kharpatwaar ugg jaate hai. Agar shuru me hi ise na roka jaye toa ye fasal o bahut barbad kar dete hai, aur Arandi ke paudhe lambe aur kafi kamzor ho jate hai. Pehli gudai bone ke 3 week baad, jub paudha 10 se 15 cm uche ho tab ki jaani chahiye.
Arandi Ki Khti ka Bimari se Bachao
- Angmaari
Yeh bimari lagbhag har jagah payi jaati hai jaha pe bhi Arandi ki kheti hoti hai. Agar sahi dekhbhal na ki jaye toa ye fasal ko barbaad kar deti hai. Samanye roop se yeh bimari paudho ke 15 se 20 cm ucha hone tak uski shuruaati daur me lagti hai. Bimari ke lakchan Beez-Patr ki dono satah par gol aur dhundule dhabbe ke roop me dikhai dete hai. Bimari lag jaane pe pehle patte sadte hai fir pura paudha sad ke khatam ho jaata hai. Ise rokne ke liye Diathen M-45 ke 0.25 percent ghol ka 1000 litre prati Hectare ke hisaab se 2 se 3 baar chidkao karna chahiye.
2. Parnachiti Rog
Yeh bimari ho jane se pattiyo par chote chote dhabbe ubharte hai fir ye baad me bhure rang ke bade dhabbe me badal jaate hai. 1 percent Bodriex Mixer ya Copar Oxy Chloride 2 percent ke dar se chidkao karne se iss bimari ki rokdham ki jaa sakti hai. Menkozeb 2 gram prati litre ya Carbodazim 500 gram prati hectare ke dar se 10 se 15 din ke gap par chidkao karne se bimari kam kiya jaa sakta hai.
3. Altarneriya Jhulsa
Bimari sabse pehle beez patr par dhabbe ke roop me dikai deti hai. Dhabbe patte ke kisi bhi bhag me dikhai de jaa sakte hai. Bimari ki sambhawna hone pe Diathen M-45 ya Diathen Z-78 me se kisi ek 1 Kilogram ki matra ko 500 se 600 litre paani me ghol bana kar chidkao karna chahiye.
Arandi ki Kheti ko Keedo se bachane ka Sahi Tarika
1. Semilupar
Semilupar iss fasal ka bahut hi vinashkari keeda hai. Iski tezi se rengne waali lat jo 3.3 se 5 cm lambi hoti ha, fasal ko khakar kamjor kar deti hai. Ye Keede 11 se 16 dino tak pattiyo ko khane ke baad Pyupa me pariwartit ho jaate hai. Barish ke mausam me (August se Septebber) me iss keede ka sabse jada khtra rehta hai. Ise rokne ke liye Kyuwanalfas 1 letre dawa ko 700 se 800 litre paani me ghol bana kar chidkao karna chahiye.
2. Tana Chedak Keeda
Ye keeda Arandi ke tano tatha Sanput ko khakar khokhla kar deta hai. Iski rokdham ke liye sabse pehle rog-grast tano aur sanputo ko ikattha karke jala dena chahiye. Saath hi saath Kyuchanalfas 25 E.C ki 1 liter dawa ko pani ke 700 se 800 litre me mila ke ghol ka chidkao kar dena chahiye.
Arandi ke Fasal ki Katai aur gehrai ka Sahi Tarika
Arandi ki fasl 6 se 8 mahine me pak kar tayar ho jaati hai. Saare phal ek saath nahi pakte. Aamtaur se phalo ka pakna December mahine se shuru hota hai aur March- April tak chalta hai. Sanputo ke peele (Yellow) padte hi tatha sukhte hi unhe kaat kar sukha lena chahiye. Jada pak jaana se kuch kismo ke Sanput chatakne lagte hai aur unke beez kheto me hi bikar jaate hai. Isiliye katai ke liye na toa unhe jada sukhne dena chahiye nahi hare phalo ko todna chahiye. Sanput Guchcho ko todne ke baad khalihan me unhe achchi tarah sukha le. Fir unhe dandose pitkar beez se alag kar le. Iske alawa Sanputo me se beez Thresor se bhi nikal sakte hai.
Arandi Ki Fasal Ki Upaj aur Paiso ke fayede
Agar sahi tarike se dhayanpurwak kheti ki jaye toa fasal 15 se 25 Quintal prati hectare tak ho sakti hai. Kharcha 20 se 25 hajaar prati hectare ka aata hai. Arandi ka bhao 35 rupaye prati kilo ka hota hai. Yaani 35 se 60 hazaar prati hectare ka munafa liya ja sakta hai.
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